Loto-M belongs to a group of medications called ‘Antibiotics and Corticosteroids’ used to treat bacterial eye infections or eye discomfort. It is also used in patients who have undergone eye surgeries. It is used to treat eye inflammation caused by allergies, shingles, iritis (inflammation of the coloured part of the eye (iris)), uveitis (inflammation of the middle layer of the eye (uvea)), eye injury, radiation, and chemical burns. A bacterial eye infection occurs when bacteria invade any part of the eyeball or its surrounding tissues, including the cornea (clear front surface of the eye) and the conjunctiva (thin membrane lining the outer eye and inner eyelids). Loto-M is used to prevent or treat only bacterial eye infections. It does not work against infections caused by viruses and fungus.

Gatipred belongs to a group of medications called ‘Antibiotics and Corticosteroids’ used to treat bacterial eye infections or eye discomfort, especially in patients who have undergone eye surgeries. It also decreases the risk of eye infections such as conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) and other inflammatory conditions of the eye (cornea, iris, and connective tissue) in postoperative patients. Gatipred is a combination of two medicines: Gatifloxacin and Prednisolone. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic that acts by interfering with the formation of essential proteins required for bacterial growth. Prednisolone is a steroid that reduces inflammation and symptoms associated with infection such as redness and irritation. It works by inhibiting the chemicals such as prostaglandins that cause inflammation. Gatipred is available for external use only. You should take this medicine as prescribed by your doctor. The common side-effects of Gatipred are application site reactions such as redness, burning or stinging sensation, watery eyes, and blurred vision. These side-effects are mild and temporary. It may also cause inflammation of the cornea (clear outer layer of the eye), which is a serious side-effect and may cause vision problems. If any of these side-effects persist, consult your doctor immediately. Inform your doctor before using Gatipred if you have allergic reactions to medicines, tuberculosis, damaged cornea, ulcers in the eye, eye infection and producing pus, open lesions in the eye and glaucoma (a condition where the pressure inside the eye is increased). Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before starting Gatipred. This medicine may cause temporary blurred vision; hence drive only when you are alert and have clear vision.

Tobrex 5 ml Eye Drops Active Ingredient: Tobramycin 0.3% Manufacturer: Alcon Laboratories Uses Bacterial Conjunctivitis – Treats infection of the eye’s outer membrane (conjunctiva). Blepharitis – Reduces inflammation of the eyelids. Keratitis – Treats corneal infections. Post-Surgical Infections – Prevents infections after eye surgeries. How It Works Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It kills bacteria by stopping them from making proteins essential for their growth and survival. How to Use Wash your hands thoroughly. Shake the bottle if instructed. Tilt your head back and pull down your lower eyelid. Instill 1–2 drops into the affected eye. Close your eye and gently press the inner corner for about a minute. Avoid touching the dropper tip to any surface. Recap the bottle and wash your hands again. Typical Dosage 1–2 drops in the affected eye(s) every 4–6 hours. In more severe infections, your doctor may advise more frequent application initially. Common Side Effects Mild burning or stinging Temporary blurred vision Eye redness or itching Excessive tearing Precautions Do not use if allergic to Tobramycin or similar antibiotics. Remove contact lenses before use and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting. Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding only if prescribed. Caution advised in children under 1 year unless directed by a doctor.

Composition Active Ingredient: Tobramycin 0.3% w/v 💊 Uses Tobacin 5 ml Eye/Ear Drops are used for: Bacterial eye infections: Such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis. Bacterial ear infections: Such as otitis externa (outer ear infection). Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by preventing bacterial growth, helping treat infections in the eye or ear. 💧 How to Use Wash your hands thoroughly before use. Shake the bottle gently. For Eye Use: Tilt your head back and gently pull down your lower eyelid to create a pocket. Instill the prescribed number of drops into the pocket, ensuring the dropper doesn’t touch any surface. Close your eye and gently press the inner corner (near your nose) for 1–2 minutes to avoid drainage. Wipe away any excess liquid with a clean tissue. For Ear Use: Lie on your side with the affected ear facing up. Instill the prescribed number of drops into the ear canal. Stay in the same position for a few minutes to allow the medication to take effect. Wipe away any excess liquid with a clean tissue. ⚠️ Precautions Do not use if allergic to tobramycin or other aminoglycoside antibiotics. Consult your doctor before using if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Avoid wearing contact lenses during treatment unless directed by your doctor. Inform your doctor if you have a history of hearing problems or a perforated eardrum. 💊 Possible Side Effects Temporary burning or stinging sensation Mild eye or ear irritation Redness or itching

Visiotears helps to lubricate eyes and treat mild to moderate dry eye conditions. Visiotears contains povidone and polyvinyl alcohol. Povidone lubricates and moistens film on the surface of the eye. Polyvinyl alcohol decreases the surface tension of the tears so that they spread more easily over the surface of the eye and don’t break into dry spots. It also has properties similar to the natural mucin (a type of glycoprotein) produced by the conjunctiva, which soothes and lubricates the eye and enhances the stability of the tear film. Visiotears is indicated for the relief from dry eye in cases of Keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Tropicamide Ophthalmic Solution USP 0.5% is a sterile, anticholinergic eye drop used primarily for diagnostic purposes in ophthalmology. ________________________________________ 🔍 Primary Uses 1. Pupillary Dilation (Mydriasis): Tropicamide 0.5% is employed to dilate the pupil, facilitating detailed examination of the retina, optic nerve, and other internal eye structures during procedures like fundoscopy and slit-lamp assessments. 2. Cycloplegia: It temporarily paralyzes the ciliary muscle, preventing accommodation (focusing), which is useful in refractive error assessments. 3. Management of Uveitis: Tropicamide 0.5% is utilized in treating conditions like acute and subacute iridocyclitis, chronic iridocyclitis, and to prevent adhesions and disruptions of the iris and ciliary body. ________________________________________ ⚠️ Side Effects While generally well-tolerated, potential side effects may include: • Temporary stinging or burning sensation upon instillation • Blurred vision • Sensitivity to light (photophobia) • Dry mouth • Headache • Nausea or vomiting • Pale skin • Central nervous system disturbances, including agitation or confusion, especially in pediatric patients ________________________________________ 🧪 Usage Instructions • Administration: Instill one or two drops into the affected eye(s) as directed by your healthcare provider. • Contact Lenses: Remove contact lenses before application. • Hygiene: Avoid touching the dropper tip to any surface to prevent contamination. • Post-application: Apply gentle pressure to the inner corner of the eye for 1–3 minutes to minimize systemic absorption. ________________________________________ ⚠️ Precautions • Driving and Operating Machinery: Avoid engaging in activities requiring clear vision, such as driving, until the effects of the medication have worn off. • Pediatric Use: Use with caution in children, as anticholinergic drugs may cause CNS disturbances. • Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult your healthcare provider before use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Tropind Plus is a combination ophthalmic solution containing Tropicamide 0.8% and Phenylephrine 5%. This formulation is primarily used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in ophthalmology. 🩺 Primary Uses of Tropind Plus 1. Pupillary Dilation (Mydriasis): The combination of Tropicamide and Phenylephrine effectively dilates the pupil, allowing eye care professionals to conduct thorough examinations of the retina, optic nerve, and other internal structures. 2. Cycloplegia: Tropicamide paralyzes the ciliary muscle, preventing accommodation (focusing), which is useful in refractive error assessments. 3. Uveitis Management: In cases of uveitis, Tropind Plus helps alleviate pain and prevents further spasms of the eye muscles. 4. Preoperative Preparation: Before surgeries like cataract extraction or retinal procedures, dilating the pupil is essential for clear visualization of the posterior segment. 5. Retinal Imaging: Facilitates procedures such as fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) by ensuring adequate pupil dilation. ⚙️ How It Works • Tropicamide is a parasympatholytic agent that inhibits the contraction of the circular muscle and paralyzes the ciliary muscle, leading to pupil dilation and cycloplegia. Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that causes contraction of the radial muscle of the iris, contributing to pupil dilation. Together, these agents produce rapid and effective dilation of the pupil, facilitating detailed eye examinations and procedures. ⚠️ Side Effects Common side effects may include: • Eye pain or stinging • Blurred vision • Sensitivity to light (photophobia) • Allergic reactions These effects are typically temporary and resolve shortly after the examination. 🧪 Safety and Precautions • Driving and Operating Machinery: Avoid activities that require clear vision, such as driving, immediately after application, as the solution can cause temporary blurred vision. • Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider before use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, as safety data may be limited. • Drug Interactions: Be cautious when using Tropind Plus with certain medications, especially monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants, as interactions may occur.

Tobi-D (Tobramycin with Dexamethasone) Eye Drops is a prescription ophthalmic solution combining an antibiotic and a corticosteroid to treat specific bacterial eye infections accompanied by inflammation. ________________________________________ ✅ Primary Uses Tobi-D is primarily used for: • Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Infection of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids). • Keratitis: Infection of the cornea. • Post-surgical Infections: Prophylactic treatment or management of infections following eye surgeries. It addresses both the infection and the inflammation associated with these conditions. ________________________________________ 💊 Dosage and Administration • Standard Dosage: Instill 1–2 drops into the affected eye(s) every 4–6 hours, or as directed by your healthcare provider. • Application Tips: o Wash your hands before use. o Avoid touching the dropper tip to any surface, including the eye, to prevent contamination. o If you wear contact lenses, remove them before applying the drops and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting them. ________________________________________ ⚠️ Contraindications and Cautions • Contraindications: o Hypersensitivity to tobramycin, dexamethasone, or any component of the formulation. o Active viral infections of the eye, such as herpes simplex keratitis. o Untreated fungal or mycobacterial infections of the eye. • Cautions: o Use with caution in patients with a history of glaucoma, as corticosteroids can increase intraocular pressure. o Prolonged use may lead to cataract formation or secondary ocular infections. o Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. ________________________________________ 🧪 Mechanism of Action • Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death. • Dexamethasone: A corticosteroid that reduces inflammation by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators. Together, these components address both the infection and the inflammation associated with certain eye conditions.

Timipar (Timolol Maleate 0.25%) eye drops are a prescription medication primarily used to manage elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with conditions like open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. By reducing the production of aqueous humor, the fluid inside the eye, Timolol helps lower IOP, thereby reducing the risk of optic nerve damage and potential vision loss . ________________________________________ ✅ Primary Uses • Open-Angle Glaucoma: A common type of glaucoma where the drainage angle in the eye remains open, but the trabecular meshwork is partially blocked, leading to increased IOP. • Ocular Hypertension: A condition characterized by higher-than-normal IOP without any signs of glaucoma damage. ________________________________________ 💊 Dosage and Administration • Typical Dosage: Instill one drop of the 0.25% solution into the affected eye(s) once or twice daily, as directed by your healthcare provider. • Application Tips: o Wash your hands before use. o Avoid touching the dropper tip to any surface, including the eye, to prevent contamination. o If you wear contact lenses, remove them before applying the drops and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting them . ________________________________________ ⚠️ Precautions and Contraindications • Contraindications: o Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation. o Bronchial asthma or a history of bronchial asthma. o Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). • Sinus bradycardia, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, or cardiogenic shock . • Cautions: o Use with caution in patients with a history of heart disease, diabetes, or thyroid disorders, as beta-blockers can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperthyroidism. o Monitor for potential additive effects when used with other systemic beta-blockers . ________________________________________ 🧪 Mechanism of Action Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist (beta-blocker) that reduces aqueous humor production in the eye, leading to a decrease in IOP. Its onset of action is typically within 20 minutes, with effects lasting up to 24 hours .