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'muscarinic receptors'

Items tagged with 'muscarinic receptors'

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General Medicine

Atrocan Injection is a medication containing Atropine Sulphate (0.6 mg), manufactured by American Remedies Ltd. It is primarily used in medical settings for various purposes: 🩺 Uses of Atrocan Injection 1. Treatment of Bradycardia: Atrocan is administered to manage bradycardia (slow heart rate), helping to restore normal heart rhythm during cardiac arrest situations. 2. Preoperative Medication: It is used before general anesthesia to reduce salivation and mucus secretions in the respiratory tract, facilitating smoother surgical procedures. 3. Antidote for Poisoning: Atrocan serves as an antidote for poisoning caused by organophosphate insecticides, nerve agents, or certain types of mushrooms. 4. Reversal of Muscle Relaxant Effects: In combination with other medications, Atrocan is used to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants during surgeries. 💊 Mechanism of Action Atropine, the active ingredient in Atrocan, is a muscarinic antagonist. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, on muscarinic receptors. This leads to increased heart rate, reduced salivation, and decreased bronchial secretions. ⚠️ Side Effects Common side effects may include: • Dry mouth • Blurred vision • Increased heart rate • Flushing • Dizziness or confusion • Nausea or vomiting These side effects are generally mild and transient. If they persist or worsen, consult your healthcare provider. ⚠️ Precautions Before using Atrocan Injection, inform your doctor if you: • Have a history of allergies to atropine or other anticholinergic medications. • Suffer from glaucoma, urinary retention, or gastrointestinal disorders. • Are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. • Are taking other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

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Anti Cancer Medicine

Ondican 4 Injection, also known by the generic name Ondansetron 4 mg Injection, is an antiemetic medication primarily used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting associated with various medical conditions and treatments. Common Uses 1. Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV): Ondican 4 is administered to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. It is typically given 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy sessions. 2. Radiation Therapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: It is used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with radiation therapy, usually administered 1–2 hours before treatment. 3. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV): Ondican 4 helps prevent and treat nausea and vomiting following surgery. It is administered immediately before or within 2 hours after surgery. 4. Other Causes of Nausea and Vomiting: It may also be used to manage nausea and vomiting due to other causes, such as gastroenteritis or certain medical conditions. Mechanism of Action Ondican 4 works by blocking the action of serotonin, a chemical in the body that can trigger nausea and vomiting. By inhibiting serotonin receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract, it effectively prevents these symptoms. Administration Ondican 4 Injection is administered intravenously (IV) by a healthcare professional in a hospital or clinic setting. The dosage and timing depend on the specific condition being treated and the patient's medical history. Side Effects Common side effects may include: • Headache • Constipation • Dizziness • Fatigue • Injection site reactions These side effects are generally mild and temporary. However, if they persist or worsen, consult your healthcare provider. Precautions Before receiving Ondican 4, inform your doctor if you have: • Liver disease • Heart problems • Electrolyte imbalances • Blockage in the stomach or intestines Additionally, disclose any other medications you are taking, as interactions may occur. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult their healthcare provider before use.

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General Medicine

Ondican 2 Injection is a brand of Ondansetron 2 mg/2 mL Injection, manufactured by American Remedies. Ondansetron is a 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist commonly used as an antiemetic to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting associated with various medical conditions. ________________________________________ ✅ Primary Uses Ondican 2 Injection is indicated for: • Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV): To prevent and treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy. Radiotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (RINV): To prevent and treat nausea and vomiting associated with radiation therapy. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV): To prevent and treat nausea and vomiting following surgical procedures. These indications are supported by clinical guidelines and pharmacological references. ________________________________________ ⚙️ Mechanism of Action Ondansetron works by blocking the action of serotonin, a natural substance that may cause nausea and vomiting. It specifically inhibits serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the brain, thereby preventing the sensation of nausea and the act of vomiting. ________________________________________ ⚠️ Precautions and Side Effects Precautions: • Allergy: Do not use if allergic to ondansetron or other 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists. • Cardiac Conditions: Use with caution in patients with a history of heart problems, as ondansetron may affect heart rhythm. • Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Common Side Effects: • Headache • Constipation • DizzinessFatigue Serious Side Effects: • Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling) Severe dizziness or fainting • Irregular heartbeat Seek immediate medical attention if any serious side effects occur.

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General Medicine

Labecanol Injection 4 ml belongs to the group of anti-hypertensive medicines called beta-blocking agents used to treat severe hypertension (high blood pressure). Additionally, American Labecanol Injection 4 ml is used to control high blood pressure in pregnancy and during anaesthesia. Labecanol Injection 4 ml contains ‘labetalol’ that works by blocking the receptors in the cardiovascular (circulatory) system, this helps in decreasing the blood pressure in the blood vessels. Thus, it helps lower the blood pressure to normal. In some cases, American Labecanol Injection 4 ml may cause common side effects such as postural hypotension, dizziness, fatigue, and headache. Most of these side effects do not require medical attention and will resolve gradually over time. However, you are advised to talk to your doctor if the side effects persist or worsen.

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Heart Disorder

Prostal 500mcg Injection Salt Composition : Alprostadil Manufacturer : CELON LABORATORIES LTD Introduction to Prostal 500mcg Injection Prostal 500mcg injection contains active components called Alprostadil. This medication is often used to treat ED in men with difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection. It may be used to improve blood flow in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a condition in which blood flow to the extremities (usually the legs) is reduced. In newborns with certain heart conditions, such as PDA, it can open a blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus. It can also be used in diagnostic tests to assess blood flow in specific body areas, such as during penile Doppler ultrasound studies to evaluate erectile function. Individuals who have a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Alprostadil or any of its components should not use the medication. It should be avoided in men with penile implants or conditions that make penile injections unsafe, such as penile fibrosis, curvature, or priapism (prolonged erections). It should not be used in individuals with conditions predisposing them to priapism, such as sickle cell anemia, multiple myeloma, or leukemia. It should not be used in individuals who experience unexplained genital or pelvic pain, as it may indicate an underlying medical condition. Individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulant medications (blood thinners) should use Prostal 500mcg injection cautiously, as it may increase the risk of bleeding at the injection site. It should not be used concomitantly with alpha-blocker medications used to treat conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and high blood pressure, as it can lead to severe low blood pressure. It should not be used in infants with congenital heart defects who have conditions that are worsened by increased blood flow to the lungs. It can be used in elderly patients, but caution may be required. Uses of Prostal 500mcg Injection Erectile dysfunction (ED) Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in Infants Diagnostic testing Therapeutic Effects of Prostal 500mcg Injection Prostal 500mcg injection binds to specific receptors on smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and various tissues. When it binds to these receptors, it triggers biochemical events that lead to vasodilation. It relaxes the smooth muscles in blood vessel walls, particularly in the penis, when used for erectile dysfunction. It involves promoting the relaxation of smooth muscle cells, improving blood flow to specific body areas, depending on its intended use. Interaction of Prostal 500mcg Injection with other drugs Inform the doctor about your medicines, including prescription, over-the-counter, nutritional or vitamin supplements, and herbal products. Certain medications may interact with Prostal 500mcg injection, reducing effectiveness by causing undesirable side effects. More Information about Prostal 500mcg Injection Store at room temperature below 20 to 25°C Keep away from moisture, heat, and light. It should not be frozen. Keep away from children and pets. How to consume Prostal 500mcg Injection Prostal 500mcg injection can be administered via various routes, depending on the medical condition. For erectile dysfunction (ED), it can be injected directly into the penis (intracavernosal injection), applied topically to the penile tip (urethral application), or used as a urethral suppository. Safety Advices for Prostal 500mcg Injection Image Not Available Pregnancy If you are pregnant or trying to become pregnant, it is important to talk to your doctor before taking Prostal 500mcg injection. Image Not Available Breast Feeding There is limited research on the safety of Prostal 500mcg injection in breastfeeding women. It is important to talk to your doctor before taking this medication. Image Not Available Lungs If you have lung diseases, talking to your doctor before taking Prostal 500mcg injection is important. Image Not Available Liver Prostal 500mcg injection is metabolized in the liver, so individuals with severe liver disease may require dose adjustments. Patients with liver problems should discuss their condition with their healthcare provider before using it. Image Not Available Alcohol It is unsafe to drink alcohol while taking Prostal 500mcg injection. Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of certain side effects. Image Not Available Driving Prostal 500mcg injection can cause dizziness or fainting, especially if low blood pressure occurs. If you experience any side effects, consult your healthcare provider before taking it while driving. Side Effects of Prostal 500mcg Injection Prostal 500mcg injection causes some side effects like all medications, although not everyone will experience them. Serious: Priapism Penile fibrosis Allergic reactions Low blood pressure Cardiovascular effects Bleeding Common:

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Eye Care

Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride & Dexamethasone Ophthalmic Solution USP (Cyclopan-D) is a combination eye drop used for specific eye conditions involving both inflammation and pupil dilation. Here's a breakdown of its uses: 🔹 Primary Uses Treatment of Uveitis (Inflammation of the Uvea) Cyclopentolate dilates the pupil, helping to alleviate pain associated with inflammation in the eye. Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, reduces inflammation. Post-Operative Inflammation and Pain Relief After eye surgeries (e.g., cataract surgery), this combination helps manage inflammation and promotes healing. Pupil Dilation for Diagnostic Purposes Used before certain eye exams or surgeries to dilate the pupil for better visibility and assessment of the eye's interior. 🔹 How It Works Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride: A muscarinic antagonist that causes pupil dilation (mydriasis) by blocking the action of acetylcholine on the muscles in the iris, which normally constrict the pupil. Dexamethasone: A potent corticosteroid that reduces inflammation by suppressing the immune response and inhibiting the production of inflammatory chemicals. Together, they reduce pain, control inflammation, and help improve vision in certain conditions by dilating the pupil and promoting healing. ⚠️ Common Side Effects Temporary blurred vision (due to pupil dilation) Stinging or burning after application Increased intraocular pressure (with prolonged use of dexamethasone) Sensitivity to light (from dilated pupil) Dryness or irritation in the eye 🔹 Usage Instructions Frequency: Follow your doctor's prescribed schedule, typically 1–2 drops in the affected eye(s) up to 4 times a day (especially for inflammation). For pupil dilation, it's usually a single application before the procedure or exam. Application Tips: Wash your hands before use. Tilt your head back and gently pull down the lower eyelid to form a pocket. Drop the medication into the pocket without touching the dropper to the eye. Close your eye gently and blink to spread the solution. If you have multiple eye drops to use, wait at least 5–10 minutes between applications. Contact Lenses: Remove contact lenses before using this drop and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting. 🔹 Precautions Long-term Use: Dexamethasone can increase intraocular pressure and lead to glaucoma or cataract formation with prolonged use, so it should be used cautiously. Allergic Reactions: Inform your doctor if you're allergic to steroids, anticholinergic drugs, or any ingredients in this eye drop. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult with a healthcare provider before use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

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Anti-cancer medicines

Primary Uses: Anemia due to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): In CKD, the kidneys produce less erythropoietin, leading to decreased red blood cell production. Actorise 100 Injection helps stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells, thereby improving oxygen delivery and reducing symptoms like fatigue and weakness.​ Anemia due to Cancer Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy can suppress bone marrow function, leading to decreased red blood cell production. Actorise 100 Injection helps stimulate red blood cell production, mitigating anemia and its associated symptoms in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.​ 💉 How It Works: Darbepoetin alfa is a synthetic form of erythropoietin. By binding to erythropoietin receptors in the bone marrow, it promotes the proliferation and differentiation of red blood cell precursors, leading to increased red blood cell production.​

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Anti Cancer Medicines

Primary Uses: Anemia due to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): In CKD, the kidneys produce less erythropoietin, leading to decreased red blood cell production. Actorise 200 Injection helps stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells, thereby improving oxygen delivery and reducing symptoms like fatigue and weakness.​ Pilcare Anemia due to Cancer Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy can suppress bone marrow function, leading to decreased red blood cell production. Actorise 200 Injection helps stimulate red blood cell production, mitigating anemia and its associated symptoms in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.​ 💉 How It Works: Darbepoetin alfa is a synthetic form of erythropoietin. By binding to erythropoietin receptors in the bone marrow, it promotes the proliferation and differentiation of red blood cell precursors, leading to increased red blood cell production.​ ⚠️ Important Considerations: Administration: Actorise 200 Injection is administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional, either subcutaneously (under the skin) or intravenously (into a vein).​ Storage: Store the injection in a refrigerator at 2–8°C. Do not freeze. Protect from light.​ Monitoring: Regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels and blood pressure is essential during treatment.​ Contraindications: Not recommended for individuals with uncontrolled hypertension, a history of pure red cell aplasia, or known hypersensitivity to darbepoetin alfa or any of its components.​

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Anti-cancer medicines

Combinib 250mg Tablet is used in the treatment of breast cancer. It works by stopping or slowing down the growth of cancer cells. It is either used alone or in combination with some other medicine to cure advanced-stage breast cancer. Combinib 250mg Tablet should be taken on an empty stomach or an hour before or 2 hours after a meal. The dose and duration vary according to the severity of your condition and your response to treatment. Take it exactly as prescribed to avoid serious side effects. It may take several weeks or months for you to see or feel the benefits but do not stop taking it unless your doctor tells you to. The most common side effects of this medicine include nausea, headache, back pain, and breathing difficulty. It may cause severe diarrhea, drink plenty of fluids or consult with your doctor if it bothers you. You may be asked for regular monitoring of blood pressure while taking this medicine. Inform your doctor if you notice a severe headache, confusion, problems with your eyesight, nausea, or vomiting. Your doctor may check your liver function before, during, and after treatment with this medicine. Before taking Combinib 250mg Tablet, let your doctor know if you have liver or kidney problems. Many other medicines can affect, or be affected by, this medicine so let your healthcare team know all medications you are taking. This medicine is not recommended during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. The use of effective contraception by both males and females during treatment is important to avoid pregnancy. There is a Patient Support Program/Patient Assistance Program available in India for this medicine, being managed by Tata 1mg. Please contact your prescribing doctor to know more about the same. You may also call on (1800-102-1618) for more details. Uses of Combinib Tablet Pancreatic cancer Small cell lung cancer Liver cancer Kidney cancer Thyroid cancer Blood cancer (Chronic myeloid leukaemia) Gastrointestinal stromal tumour Cancer of colon and rectum Non-small cell lung cancer Soft tissue sarcoma Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis Breast cancer Side effects of Combinib Tablet Most side effects do not require any medical attention and disappear as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if they persist or if you’re worried about them Common side effects of Combinib Abdominal pain Back pain Breathing problems Constipation Cough Diarrhea Fatigue Headache Hot flashes Increased bilirubin in the blood Insomnia (difficulty in sleeping) Joint pain Liver damage Loss of appetite Mucosal inflammation Nausea Pain in extremities Rash Stomatitis (Inflammation of the mouth) Vomiting Weakness Weight gain How to use Combinib Tablet Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Combinib 250mg Tablet is to be taken empty stomach. How Combinib Tablet works Combinib 250mg Tablet is an anti-cancer medication. It works against the HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor protein) receptors and EGFRs (epidermal growth factor receptor) which are responsible for the over-proliferation of cells. This is how it inhibits the growth of cancerous cells causing downstream signaling pathways. Safety advice warnings Alcohol CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR It is not known whether it is safe to consume alcohol with Combinib 250mg Tablet. Please consult your doctor. warnings Pregnancy CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR Combinib 250mg Tablet is unsafe to use during pregnancy as there is definite evidence of risk to the developing baby. However, the doctor may rarely prescribe it in some life-threatening situations if the benefits are more than the potential risks. Please consult your doctor. warnings Breast feeding UNSAFE Combinib 250mg Tablet is unsafe to use during breastfeeding. Data suggests that the drug may cause toxicity to the baby. warnings Driving UNSAFE Combinib 250mg Tablet may cause side effects which could affect your ability to drive. warnings Kidney CAUTION Combinib 250mg Tablet should be used with caution in patients with severe kidney disease. Dose adjustment of Combinib 250mg Tablet may be needed. Please consult your doctor. Limited information is available on the use of Combinib 250mg Tablet in these patients. No dose adjustment is recommended in patients with mild to moderate kidney disease. warnings Liver CAUTION Combinib 250mg Tablet should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Dose adjustment of Combinib 250mg Tablet may be needed. Please consult your doctor. Limited information is available on the use of this medicine in patients with the severe liver disease.

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